In the present study, the essential oil isolated from the fruits of Piper longum (Piperaceae) by hydro distillation was analyzed by Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis and evaluated for in-vitro antioxidant activity. The antioxidant activity was assessed by using three different in-vitro assays i.e. Diphenyl-picryl-hydrazyl radical scavenging (DPPH), Hydrogen peroxide radical scavenging (H2O2), and Metal chelating assays. The total phenolic content was also estimated by Folin–Ciocalteu assay method. The GC-MS analysis of essential oil led to the identification and quantification of 49 components. The major components are trans-caryophyllene (17.696 %), pentadecane (9.950 %), beta-bisabolene (8.449 %), 8-heptadecene (8.101 %), cyclopentadecane (7.439 %), n-heptadecane (6.433 %), alpha-cubebene (5.610 %), pentadec-1-ene (5.080 %), beta-cubebene (4.539 %), alpha-humulene (4.497 %), beta-selinene (3.773 %), (-)-caryophyllene oxide (2.422 %), nonadecene (2.173 %) which accounted for 86.162 % of the total. The radical-scavenging activity of oil was found to be increased with the increasing concentrations of oil. IC50 value for DPPH radical-scavenging activity of oil, BHT and BHA was found to be 75 ± 0.5, 19 ± 0.1 and 18.3 ± 0.1 μg/ml respectively. IC50 for H2O2 scavenging activity of oil, BHT and BHA was found 120 ± 0.6, 40 ± 0.2 and 54.0 ± 0.2 μg/ml respectively. The tested oil and EDTA exhibited good Fe2+ chelating ability with IC50 value of 201 ± 1.8 and 220 ± 0.2 μg/ml respectively. The total phenol content in oil was found to be 0.36 mg/g in gallic acid equivalents. Thus the plant oil is found to be a new candidate for in-vitro antioxidant activity.
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